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When a cat bites, it may not seem like a big deal it can be cute when theyre playing but some cat bites can pose significant health risks. An official website of the United States government. A prescription was given prophylactically for amoxicillin (Augmentin) 875 mg one orally b.i.d. tenderness or pain under your elbow or armpit due to swollen lymph nodes. Some people need surgery, though. and Pasteurella multocida is the most common isolated pathogen transmitted from cats.2 The animals long and sharp canine teeth penetrate the skin, causing deep puncture wounds and providing an avenue for the induction of bacteria. Brought to you by Merck & Co, Inc., Rahway, NJ, USA (known as MSD outside the US and Canada) dedicated to using leading-edge science to save and improve lives around the world. Most cat bites are treated with antibiotics, with penicillin being the most commonly used drug. The trusted provider of medical information since 1899, Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders, Digital Flexor Tendinitis and Tenosynovitis (Trigger Finger), Last review/revision Apr 2022 | Modified Sep 2022. official website and that any information you provide is encrypted The researchers studied nearly 200 cat bite cases that occurred between 2009 and 2011. Brandon P. Donnelly, MD When To Worry The wrist or any joint in the fingers are usually the worst places to be wounded - and that's just where most people get bitten by cats. There was full range of motion in the right wrist and all other digits of the right hand. Epidemiology It can happen even with the most loving, docile cat: an overexcited cat nips her guardian while playing, or accidentally bites her guardians finger while accepting a treat. [Brusalis, 2017] Penetrating injuries are the most common (ex, cat scratch/bite). The small but deep puncture wounds are. Am Fam Physician. In most cases, bites that were positioned directly over the wrist or another joint were more likely to result in hospitalization than bites to soft tissue, the researchers said. Of course, if the cat's fangs go in very deep, this could be worrisome and worth a doctor's visit! National Library of Medicine The patient was able to return to work. Discharge instructions and wound-care handouts were provided. Fever. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help The oral flora of humans includes Eikenella corrodens, staphylococci, streptococci, and anaerobes. You love your cat. Data included patient demographics, anatomical site of injury, microbiology results, method of treatment and surgical outcome. Patients with joint capsule penetration, tendon injury, or bites older than 24 hours were excluded. The type of animal involved will determine the specific injury that occurs; cats have a weaker bite but sharper teeth, therefore cause deep puncture wounds, whilst dogs have a strong bite . reported a staggering 28-80 percent cat bite infection rate. Felines' sharp teeth can inject harmful bacteria deep into joints and tissue, doctors warn SUNDAY, Feb. 9, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Cat bites may look less serious than dog bites, but beware: They can cause dangerous infections, particularly when they involve the hand, new research indicates. For 14 percent of these patients, outpatient treatment with antibiotics didn't work and they needed to be hospitalized. Extensor Tendon Injuries are traumatic injuries to the extensor tendons that can be caused by laceration, trauma, or overuse. Deep puncture wounds from animal bites become morbid if not promptly tended and closely followed. . Cat bites are exceptionally dangerous and prone to infection because a cat's needle-like teeth can push bacteria deep into flesh, tendons and joints. 'The wrist is packed with tendons and blood vessels, so infection can be pumped to . Laboratory findings showed erythrocyte sedimentation rate 28 mm/hour, high-sensitivity C-reactive protein 14.5 mg/L, WBC 10,0000/l, RBC 3.77 106/l, hemoglobin 12.3 g/dL, and hematocrit 35.3%. These bites may look harmless, but it is important to take immediate medical action after the initial injury. "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound the infection would just get worse. While 3-18 percent of dog bites become infected, another study reported a staggering 28-80 percent cat bite infection rate. 2022 Dec 16;55:e0372-2022. Tenosynovitis refers to inflammation of a tendon and its synovial sheath; this condition occurs most frequently in the hand and wrist but can occur in any part of the extremities where a tendon glides within a synovial-lined fibro-osseous sheath. Clinical Guidelines in Family Practice. And of course, most of us will pet stray cats we meet along the way, but not all seemingly friendly cats remain friendly after being approached by strangers. Mr. Hs right-hand wounds were cleansed with antibacterial soap, betadine wash, and sterile water rinse. The wrist or any joint in the fingers are usually the. They respond aggressively when their home is disturbed, biting and injecting venom. Mr. H, age 45 years, presented to the clinic following a cat bite to his right hand 14 hours prior. sharing sensitive information, make sure youre on a federal Check for signs such as bruising, punctured skin, bleeding, and objects stuck in the wound. To care for your wound at home, follow these steps: If the following symptoms occur, seek medical attention: If you have a pet cat, make sure to take them to regular veterinary visits to stay updated on vaccines. [Treatment of bites to the hand and wrist--is the primary antibiotic prophylaxis necessary?]. Capillary refill to the upper extremities measured fewer than three seconds. HHS Vulnerability Disclosure, Help SEE MORE: Symptoms of Infected Cat Bite and Steps To Take For A Cat Bite. Common pathogens include Pasteurella species, Staphylococcus aureus, streptococci, anaerobes, Capnocytophaga, Moraxella, Corynebacterium, and Neisseria. Bats are one of the most common carriers of rabies. If the cat is healthy after 10 days, there is no risk to the person who was bitten. Active range of motion deficits are present at the wrist and thumb due to pain and swelling. Another 154 were treated with oral antibiotics as outpatients, although 21 of them eventually had to be hospitalized. Can Vitamin D affect your risk of heart disease? While most bug bites cause only mild symptoms, some bug bites can transmit disease. Unauthorized use of these marks is strictly prohibited. A fever is considered a temperature of 100.4 degrees Fahrenheit or higher. The main symptoms were limited and there was painful mobilisation of fingers and wrist, and swelling and redness in the area of the bite wound. Cat bites to the hand can be especially dangerous since tendon sheaths and joints are close to the surface in the hand and cat bites penetrate deeply. 2022 Oct;35(5):498-499. doi: 10.37201/req/009.2022. Dont try to capture the cat yourself. However, more severe reactions can occur, and rashes can develop. Bookshelf If you notice any redness, swelling, discharge from the wound, increasing pain, or difficulty moving the hand, seek emergency care. Unlike other animal bites, which can tear flesh and even break bones, these deeper wounds are much harder to clean. Uphold CR, Graham MV. Bothun said she still feels pain in her wrist and does not have full movement. PEP isnt generally needed if the cat isnt showing signs of rabies, but the cat should be monitored for at least 10 days to be sure. You should not use this information in place of a consultation or the advice of your healthcare provider. Once symptoms are present, rabies is typically fatal. for three to five days or one double-strength trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole tablet b.i.d. While cat bites look a lot smaller than dog bites, cat bites have certain features that make them more dangerous. WebMD does not provide medical advice, diagnosis or treatment. The study showed that administering antibiotics failed in 21 of the 193 patients, who later received treatment in the hospital. The condition can cause pain when you grip and lift objects or move your wrist or fingers. The more severe the bruising or bleeding looks, the worse the bite is. If you have been bitten by a cat, seeyour doctor or visit anurgent care facility. doi: 10.1590/0037-8682-0372-2022. (2016). (2014). Through this website and links to other websites, Brandon P. Donnelly, MD provides general information for educational purposes only. One of the more common is a highly pathogenic bacterium, Pasteurella multocida. Pediatrics in review. Use interactive toys to play with your cat instead. The PubMed wordmark and PubMed logo are registered trademarks of the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS). Unable to load your collection due to an error, Unable to load your delegates due to an error. . He described a nonradiating pain in the tip of the second digit with limited flexion. Indeed, it is the only thing that ever has.". ", "It can be just a pinpoint bite mark that can cause a real problem," he said, "because the bacteria get into the tendon sheath or into the joint where they can grow with relative protection from the blood and immune system.". When the injury has occurred, wash the wound with soap and then apply antiseptics. There are tons of dangerous bacteria flourishing inside a cats mouth. "Every time they would stitch me up after flushing the wound, the infection would just get worse. A more serious infection may lead to pus or what looks like red streaks down your skin and may cause fever. Educating the patient about the importance of early management and immediate follow-up can reduce the risk of adverse sequelae and the potential costs of hospitalization and post-bite management. Review: The Cat in the Window And Other Stories of the Cats We Love. in New Orleans, where he was awarded the Orthopedic Surgery award. cat bite hand cellulitis lymphangitis hand infection. Minor injuries from family pets may lead to serious wounds, facial damage, and emotional problems. The link you have selected will take you to a third-party website. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies Although cats have no more germs in their mouths than dogs or people, researchers at the Mayo Clinic found that when cats bite, their sharp teeth can inject hard-to-treat bacteria deeply into. The site is secure. Would you like email updates of new search results? It has to pierce deep enough to get into the muscle where there is a good amount of blood flow. According to Poison Control, CSD is usually not serious, but people with weakened immune systems are at risk of developing a more serious infection. Identifying Bug Bites and Stings, and How To Treat Them. The skin was warm and dry to touch. 2006 Mar;31(3):468-73. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2005.12.011. 2020 Jun 3;8(6):838. doi: 10.3390/microorganisms8060838. All rights reserved. From furniture, scratching posts, beds and toys to food dishes and litter boxes, youll find everything you need for your feline family members.View the Product Guide. Avoidance of bites, prompt wound management, and judicious use of antibiotics decrease antimicrobial resistance and infection incidence. Purpose: Wrist tendon pain usually goes away with rest, medication, injections or splinting. Pain worsening significantly with motion suggests infection of a joint or tendon sheath. Published by: Ingrid King. The best way to know if youre dealing with bedbugs is to look for evidence of them in your home. Medicine (Baltimore). An infectious disease consultation was ordered. (2016). The most common cause of human bites is a tooth-induced injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint as a result of a punch to the mouth (clenched fist injury). . If the wound is bleeding, dont stop blood flow; in fact, try to encourage bleeding by gently pressing the area around the wound. Mr. H. was then sent for immediate orthopedic surgical evaluation. Zoonotic disease: What can I catch from my cat? Cat bites are about twice as likely as dog bites to get infected. for 10 days. If you know the cat thats bitten you has a rabies vaccine, its unlikely that youll contract rabies. A three-year Mayo Clinic study of nearly 200 cases between 2009-2011 found that one third of patients suffering from cat bite infections were hospitalized and two-thirds of those patients required surgery. fever or chills. In more extreme cases, redirected aggression can cause a cat to lash out at her guardian and cause severe damage. o [ abdominal pain pediatric ] A dogs powerful jaws and blunt teeth tend to leave a larger wound, but they dont penetrate as deeply. Felines' sharp teeth can inject harmful bacteria deep into joints and tissue, doctors warn. Mean length of hospital stay was 3.4 days in Group A, and 9.2 days in Group B, (p < .01). "The infection from the cat bite reached my tendon," Bothun said. Bites that appear at first to be minor can ultimately end up requiring serious medical attention, with outcomes far worse than an apparently more damaging dog bite. Early treatment is beneficial in decreasing the risk of infection. These red streaks are from the infection traveling down your lymph system. Mr. H was unsure of the date of his last tetanus shot and reported that the cat is up to date on all immunizations. Bethesda, MD 20894, Web Policies This then causes the wound to potentially close up around the bacteria, which can lead to an infection. At six-weeks postoperative, Mr. H had full range of motion and increased strength in the right hand. (2015). Weve summarized the best studies we could find below to cover everything you wanted to know, or perhaps didnt want to know, about cat bites. In the case of dogs and cats, thats not always the case. While some cat bites may heal without causing infection, it is recommended that you seek medical attention for all cat bites. Some bites require the use of antibiotics through an intravenous (IV), while others may be treated with oral medication. Cat bites only account for 10-15% of animal bites reported by emergency rooms, but they pose a much greater risk of infection. If the bite or scratch hasn't penetrated the skin, the chance of infection is minimal. All rights reserved. Polymer-Based Constructs for Flexor Tendon Repair: A Review. It may be painful or tender when touched or pressed. 1. Around 2% of attendances in the emergency department are due to bite injuries, most commonly from dogs, cats, and humans.If left untreated, bites have a high risk of becoming infected.. If a cat hasnt been vaccinated for rabies, contact a doctor to decide if you need treatment known as rabies postexposure prophylaxis (PEP). Debridement including removal of foreign material associated with open fractures and or dislocations; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle fascia, muscle, and bone (11012) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, and muscle (11043) Debridement; skin, subcutaneous tissue, muscle, and bone (11044) Excisional preparation or creation of recipient site . [Sepsis after cat bite-How medical history, physical examination and interdisciplinary cooperation influence disease progression]. (2018). Its really just a function of their slender, sharp fangs. Dr. Kaul is the MSN and DNP Program Director and an associate professor at Concordia University Wisconsin in Mequon. How long after a cat bite does infection set in? On physical examination, BP was 118/80, pulse 106, respiratory rate 20 breaths per minute, temperature 99.9F, and pulse oxygenation 98%. There is no such thing as a simple cat bite, yet most patients are unaware of the potential for harm, and they delay or fail to seek immediate evaluation and treatment. Treatment of hand infections using WALANT -when the anesthesiologist is not available: A retrospective cohort study. . 2021 Sep 9;9(9):e3778. The drug of choice is amoxicillin/clavulanate 875 mg/125 mg b.i.d. Domestic animals, like dogs and cats, are responsible for the majority of animal bites. A. of nearly 200 cases between 2009-2011 found that one third of patients suffering from cat bite infections were hospitalized and two-thirds of those patients required surgery. Cat Bites: Dont Take Them Lightly (Info & Treatment). Bothun said she waited one week after her black cat, Mr. Binks, bit. Noninfected bite wounds may require surgical debridement and prophylaxis with 50% of the dose of antibiotic used to treat infected wounds. eCollection 2022. Polymers (Basel). Careers. Tendon necrosis and rupture; Hand dysfunction; Amputation; Systemic infection ~75% of cases are associated with antecedent injury. Our website services, content, and products are for informational purposes only. Infected Cat Bite On The Wrist Photograph by Dr P. Marazzi/science from fineartamerica.com. 2023 USA TODAY, a division of Gannett Satellite Information Network, LLC. There are a few people, that develop severe allergic reactions to flea bites and can get irritated by a single bite. Eight out of ten cat bites will become infected, experts warn, as moggies inject bacteria into the tissue when they sink their teeth into their victims, causing blood poisoning. Ingrid King is an award-winning author, former veterinary hospital manager, and veterinary journalist who is passionate about cats. Cats are also the main reservoir of Bartonella henselae, the causative agent of cat scratch disease, which was confirmed in the presented patient by serological examination. Bacteria can be potentially seeded down into joints and tendon sheaths, far away from where it would be immediately noticed. Cats bite mostly on hands, arms or legs. Go to doctor or ER: Cat bites to the hand and wrist have a high incidence of infection. Puncture wounds tend to heal quickly, but a very deep bite can leave a scar. Cat bite - what to do? extreme lower back pain after a nasty cat bite that required intravenus antibiotics in the hospital followed up with pain meds and antibiotics antiinflammatory meds, swelling decreasing throbbing pain decreasing, back pain is unbearable. The pain almost drove me up the . What are the top 3 benefits of Vitamin E? Bula-Rudas FJ, et al. It can be caused by overuse and repetitive movements like texting, playing video games, or writing. for three to five days. The family cat lunged at him and bit and scratched his hand. Painful and swollen lymph nodes for more than 2 or 3 weeks. Joint spaces were preserved, and bony structures were in good alignment. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. BP was 120/78 mm Hg, pulse 98 beats per minute, pulse oxygenation 97%, temperature 98.8F, and weight 290 lbs. Epub 2019 Jul 9. (See also Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Overview and Evaluation of Hand Disorders Common hand disorders include a variety of deformities, ganglia, infections, Kienbck disease, nerve compression syndromes, noninfectious tenosynovitis, and osteoarthritis. And your cat loves you (in its own fashion). You may need to be on antibiotics so get medical care. eCollection 2022 Jan-Mar. A small puncture wound, particularly from a human or cat bite, may involve significant injury to the tendon, joint capsule, or articular cartilage. Cat bites are about twice as likely as dog bites to get infected. Lesions caused by human and domestic and wild animal bites. The infection resides in synovial or periarticular tissues and is usually bacterialin younger adults read more and osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis Osteomyelitis is inflammation and destruction of bone caused by bacteria, mycobacteria, or fungi. Cats dont have more bacteria in their mouths than dogs. The subjects were 18 females and two males aged 27-86 years (mean age of 58 years). Cat Bite Cellulitis Nadia F. from ePlasty. Please login or register first to view this content. Dog or cat bites to the hands are the most severe injuries, often requiring surgical intervention and hospitalization.1 Infectious complications occur in approximately 50% of cat bites. The most common cause of human bites is a tooth-induced injury to the metacarpophalangeal joint as a result of a punch to the mouth (clenched fist injury). 2014 Feb;39(2):286-90. doi: 10.1016/j.jhsa.2013.11.003. Bone or joint pain, abdominal pain (without fever, vomiting, or diarrhea), or excessive tiredness for more than 2 . Cats, meanwhile, have sharp teeth and that dramatically increases the risk for a cat bite infection. Use soap and water or an antiseptic such as hydrogen peroxide or alcohol. Cat bites are typically puncture wounds that penetrate deeply into the skin and underlying tissues [2] with infection rates of up to 50% [4]. Cureus is on a mission to change the long-standing paradigm of medical publishing, where submitting research can be costly, complex and time-consuming. A doctor or nurse will wash the wound thoroughly, trim away any dead tissue, and apply antibiotic ointment. They are most often located on the upper extremities and are almost always accompanied by scratches [2-4]. Animal bites that dont break your skin, as well as scratches that just graze the surface of your skin, have a minimal risk of infection. Preoperative Antibiotics Influence Culture Yield in the Treatment of Hand, Wrist, and Forearm Infections. There was limited range of motion at the PIP joint on the second digit. Infection in these tissues can be very painful and difficult to treat. Infections of Deep Hand and Wrist Compartments. If you decide to delay medical care, watch closely for signs of infection. Issues related to infectious tenosynovitis will be reviewed here. Cat-scratch disease in the United States, 20052013. 2 deep puncture wounds along the pinky by the wrist, 1 in the middle above the wrist & another with a tear by the wrist along the thumb. Nerve injury: It's possible for the nerves to be damaged when a cat bites you. Tendon rupture: When a tendon separates from the tissue, in part or completely, it is supposed to be attached to, a tendon rupture occurs. Giant Cell Tumor of Tendon Sheath in Guyon's Canal Causing Ulnar Tunnel Syndrome . Dry the bite first, to help the Band Aid stick. . The https:// ensures that you are connecting to the Rapidly Progressive Infection of Hand After a Cat Bite. Another SOLID Site, WALANT | Wide Awake Local Anesthesia No Tourniquet. Small but deep punctures there led to a higher risk of hospitalization than bites into soft tissue, according to the study. Frost Bite most commonly injures your ears and nose. Clinical findings suggestive of the need for hospitalization include location of the bite over a joint or tendon sheath, erythema, pain, and swelling. Cat scratch disease (CSD) (also known as cat scratch fever) is an infection caused by the bacteria Bartonella henselae. SUNDAY, Feb. 9, 2014 (HealthDay News) -- Cat bites may look less serious than dog bites, but beware: They can cause dangerous infections, particularly when they involve the hand, new research indicates. Although the diagnosis of infected bite wounds of the hand is clinical, x-rays should be taken to detect fracture or teeth or other foreign bodies that could be a nidus of continuing infection. Here's how. A doctor will likely prescribe antibiotics to fight off the infection. Instead, call the animal control office in your area. Can Vitamin E protect against heart disease. Two-third of those hospitalized needed surgery. Epub 2022 Jul 20. a tendon lesion or a purulent flexor . - The management of bite wounds in children--A retrospective analysis at a level I trauma centre . Acute carpal tunnel syndrome of the hand following a cat bite. While five- to nine-year-old males are the principal victims of dog bites, middle-aged women were the most common victims of cat bites to the hand, according to the Mayo Clinic study. The information in this post is not a substitute for medical care. Copyright 2014 American Society for Surgery of the Hand. Cat bites carry other risks besides infections. By clicking Subscribe, I agree to the WebMD, Smart Grocery Shopping When You Have Diabetes, Surprising Things You Didn't Know About Dogs and Cats, Smoking Pot Every Day Linked to Heart Risks, Artificial Sweetener Linked to Heart Risks, FDA Authorizes First At-Home Test for COVID and Flu, New Book: Take Control of Your Heart Disease Risk, MINOCA: The Heart Attack You Didnt See Coming, Health News and Information, Delivered to Your Inbox. Patient demographics, medical history, physical examination findings, laboratory values, and long-term follow-up data were collected. After being advised of the risk for infection, Mr. H agreed to follow up in three days or sooner if symptoms worsened. Domestic cat bites are common and are often treated by simple wound care with good outcome. Never try to separate cats who are fighting. The fear is that bacteria from the person's skin or from the cat's or dog's mouth gains access to a part of the body that is like a freeway for the bacteria to spread quickly the tendons. Twenty cases of cat bites to the hand and wrist were retrospectively reviewed between 2014 and 2018. According to a 2018 research review, infection occurs in about 50 percent of cat bites in children. No drainage, fever, chills, shortness of breath, chest pain, or wheeze was reported. 2006 Nov-Dec;106(6):692-5. doi: 10.1080/00015458.2006.11679983. If you do get a cat bite, youll likely find out pretty quickly if its going to get infected. Of the hospitalized patients, 67% (n = 38) underwent irrigation and debridement, with 8 patients requiring more than 1 operation. Read more about types of bites, symptoms, and treatments. Stress the importance of immediately washing the wound with antiseptic solution and water and seeking immediate evaluation. The warm and dark inner layers of your skin are optimal for the growth of the bacteria. Puncture wounds from a cat bite have a high risk of infection. Misunderstanding this risk has led to a worrying number of hospitalizations, as patients require surgery to clean wounds or remove tissue thats become infected. When you buy via links on our site, we may earn an affiliate commission at no cost to you. Clinical findings suggestive of the need for hospitalization include location of the bite over a joint or tendon sheath, erythema, pain, and swelling. These include: An infection from a cat bite may set in within a few hours, but it can take 10 days or more for some infections, like cat-scratch disease, to start showing symptoms.