Thank you. Almost all BLA units were assigned to the 21st Army Group, which also included forces from other countries. It became the primary formation controlling the British contribution to NATO after the formation of the alliance in 1949. [58], The next major operation was Operation Plunderthe assault crossing of the Rhine. A thematic study on how the British Army imagined the use of tactical nuclear weapons in land combat. The average tonnage on the canal system rose steadily from 27,000 tonnes (27,000 long tons) in January to 35,000 tonnes (34,000 long tons) in February, 48,000 tonnes (47,000 long tons) in March and 56,000 tonnes (55,000 long tons) in April. A. [9] This required major operations, and the port was not opened for shipping until 26 November. Special arrangements were made to supply the Royal Air Force's Fog Investigation and Dispersal Operation, which consumed 410,000 litres (90,000impgal) a night, and Gloster Meteor jet fighters, which consumed 14,000 litres (3,000impgal) of kerosene each day. British Army of the Rhine - BAOR Locations [44] For security reasons, troop movements had to be conducted at night. This involved a large expenditure of ammunition, including some that was in short supply like ML 4.2-inch mortar rounds and the Mark VIIIz ammunition used by the Vickers machine gun. It closed in March 1994. The "Waterloo" class 9 FBE could not be built at the intended site at Rees on 24 March because the town had not been captured. UI Press | Peter Speiser | The British Army of the Rhine [88][93], Dumbo surpassed its target of 1million imperial gallons (4.5million litres) (about 3,620 tonnes (3,560 long tons)) per day on 15 March 1945, and by 3 April the Dumbo lines were delivering 4,500 long tons (4,600t) a day. Ammunition expenditure was prodigious, and a system of rationing had to be introduced. History of the British Army of the Rhine 06.09.14 - YouTube British army the rhine hi-res stock photography and images - Alamy 168 FMC area at Goch. [47] As it was thought that vehicle movement in the battle area would be restricted by the weather, terrain and battle damage, units were issued with "compo" ration packs for up to two-thirds of a formation's strength, and the divisions and independent brigades were also supplied with two-, three- and five-man "AFV" ration packs in case the distribution of compo packs proved to be too difficult. [100], In the campaign in North West Europe in 1945, Montgomery sought to defeat Germany and ensure a prominent British role in the postwar political organisation of Europe. TR. They were also utilised for duties such as manning level crossings. New search features Acronym Blog Free tools . [1] It was established following the Second World War, the largest parts of it becoming known as the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and RAF Germany (RAFG). The 18th Line of Communications Sub Area was formed on 25 April and assigned to the First Canadian Army; the 19th joined the 15th; and the 20th relieved the 4th around Brussels, allowing it to take over the region to the north east of Nijmegen. Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | Toys & Hobbies, Games, Board & Traditional Games | eBay! The army roadheads were mainly supplied by rail. 1 Artillery Brigade Cold War.png 888 544; 45 KB. [62], Once the link-up with the ground forces was effected, the 6th Airborne Division drew its supplies from XII Corps, while the US 17th Airborne Division drew its from the US Ninth Army. 206 FMC. Demands for smoke generators exhausted the available stocks and generators were taken from the anti-aircraft gun positions around Antwerp. Photo courtesy of RAMC Lab Tech Cpl Peter Elgar 1958. The corps sometimes had to send their transport back to the army roadheads to assist when major operations were required. [51] Each of the assaulting infantry carried five days' supplies, and the armoured divisions carried six. [65], The buildup of stocks for Operation Plunder commenced on 8 March. SALUTE 50, ExCeL London - please pre-order now [72][97], As the German forces crumbled before the Allied onslaught, the numbers of German prisoners of war grew to the point where orders were issued on 1 May that no more prisoners should be sent west of the Rhine. The British Army of the Rhine - Military History - Oxford - obo A problem was encountered when defects were discovered in the tensioners of the 29th Armoured Brigade's new Comet tanks. Structure of the British Army in 1989 | Military Wiki | Fandom This took another five days. Pipelines were now constructed from Calais to Ghent, and thence to the storage facilities around Antwerp. [28] Advance parties from each formation involved travelled by air from Florence, but most Operation Goldflake units moved by sea. [47][48] Some 50 miles (80km) of new roads were built, and over 400 miles (640km) of roads were repaired, which required 64,000 tonnes (63,000 long tons). Red Sash Wargames Army of the Rhine - Ombre de Turenne SW | eBay During February 300,000 long tons (300,000t) of supplies were delivered to the XXX Corps railheads. Commanders in Chief. british army of the rhine bases [11], A new base was developed around Brussels, and an advanced base area around Antwerp, but supplies were still being drawn from the Rear Maintenance Area (RMA) in Normandy. The two corps stocked their FMCs by road, but the completion of repairs to the 1,222-metre (4,008ft) bridge over the Maas at Gennep by the 7th Army Troops Engineers on 20 March relieved the pressure on the one at Grave, and it became possible to move the railhead to within the No. In a broader context, Barnett 1970 and Chandler and Beckett 2003 provide an essential overview of the experiences that have shaped the British Army over its long history. A third bridge, "Westminster", was commenced by the 6th Army Troops Engineers on 26 March, completed at 18:00 on 29 March, and ceremoniously opened by Dempsey the next morning. [49] In the lead up to Operation Veritable, 446 special trains were run to the First Canadian Army railheads, delivering 349,356 tonnes (343,838 long tons) of supplies, of which around 227,000 tonnes (223,000 long tons) was for Operation Veritable. [11] Rhine Garrison, which principally comprised HQ British Forces Germany in the Rheindahlen Military Complex and Elmpt Station (formerly RAF Bruggen), also reduced in size; the HQ moved to Bielefeld in July 2013 and other units returned to the UK. Includes a chapter on the creation of the postmodern regimental system between 1945 and 1970 against the backdrop of postwar austerity and the consequent reorganization and amalgamation of many regiments. Instead, 18th GHQ Troops Engineers erected it the following day at a downstream site near the town of Honnopel. [28], The 25th Garrison assumed control of the RMA on 2 April, allowing the 5th Line of Communications Sub Area to take over the western part of North Brabant, and the 101st Beach Sub Area, which became the 21st Line of Communications Sub Area, took over the territory west of the Maas. West Germany: Commander Of British Army Of The Rhine, Sir Harry Tuzo On 16 April XXX Corps sent its road transport back to the Rhine roadhead to collect the ammunition it needed to capture Bremen. London and Portland, OR: Frank Cass, 2000. [19] He intended to make the main Allied effort in the north, in the 21st Army Group's sector. Select from premium British Army Of The Rhine of the highest quality. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2020. Chieftain: British Army of the Rhine - BoardGameGeek Although our understanding of the service has been considerably deepened by subsequent scholarship, the book provides the broader context for thinking about the army after 1945. 167 FMC, established by the XXX Corps which held only petrol, compo ration packs and ammunition. Start reading The British Army of the Rhine for free online and get access to an unlimited library of academic and non-fiction books on Perlego. British Army Of The Rhine Bases FOR SALE! - PicClick UK In the forward area, land mines and the few tracks through the Reichswald Forest kept transport on the roads, and the traffic combined with thaws and heavy rains contributed to the rapid deterioration of the roads. What military bases are left in Germany? Contents 1 History 616 Squadron RAF began operating Gloster Meteor jet fighters from Brussels, and they required kerosene. The problem had been foreseen, and replacements were available on the ordnance depots. Second Army's VIII, XII and XXX Corps drew their supplies from No. Additional supplies of fuel were loaded on DUKWs, which ferried fuel across the river until bridges were opened. Petrol, oil and lubricants (POL) was brought by ships and the Operation Pluto pipeline from the UK at a rate of 15,000 tonnes (15,000 long tons) per day, of which 3,000 tonnes (3,000 long tons) was over the pipelines, and delivered by barge and pipeline to the army roadheads. A large force of engineer units was assembled for the operation: 37,000 British and Canadian engineers and pioneers, and 22,000 American engineers. 166 FMC was developed from one formerly established there by the VIII Corps, although it had to be expanded as XXX Corps had over 200,000 troops under its command for Operation Veritable. The British Army of the Rhine (BBC) - DocuWiki After the assumption of government by civilians, it became the command formation for the troops in Germany only . 15 Army Roadhead opened in the Almelo area on 18 April and was stocked by road from No. The British Army of the Rhine - researchgate.net Menu Search. $35.86. Despite the weather, all movements were completed as planned by 8 February. There were tactical, operational and political reasons for this: the best sites for a crossing of the Rhine were there;[20] a crossing in the north gave access to the North German Plain, where the terrain was good for mobile warfare, for which his Allied forces were particularly suited;[21] it offered a means of cutting off the Ruhr,[22] a major industrial region of Germany;[23] and it had the political advantage of involving the British and Canadians. [101] The vast resources brought to bear was in stark contrast with scarcities of the early war years. They were then loaded into landing ships, tank (LSTs) that took them to Marseilles, and onto flat wagons again for the five-day railway journey to Dixmude. A double issue of Expeditionary Force Institutes stores was made to all participating units. Individual chapters consider British thinking about tactical nuclear weapons, the evolution of NATO strategy, theories of tactical nuclear warfare, nuclear instruction at the Staff College, operational research and war-gaming, and the development of the armys nuclear warfighting doctrine. On this Wikipedia the language links are at the top of the page across from the article title. For nearly 70 years, generations would grow up on bases with special schools, shops, housing and even their own radio station, as parts of the Rhineland became little bubbles of Britishness . [26], The headquarters of the 9th Line of Communications Area was transferred to Paris to assist the American Communications Zone with the move. [6], Disbandment of the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) and Royal Air Force Germany (RAFG) in 1994, following the end of the Cold War and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, reduced the strength of the British Armed Forces in Germany by almost 30,000 with just one division (1st Armoured) remaining by the late 1990s,[7] concentrated in North Rhine-Westphalia. Nottingham. Four days later orders came that disarmed troops would no longer have prisoner of war status, but would be classified as Surrendered Enemy Personnel, and that their own officers would be responsible for their administration. CONTENTS OF EMAILS MAY BE DISPLAYED ON THIS SITE (BUT IN AN ENCRYPTED FORMAT TO DETER SPAMMERS) TO BENEFIT HISTORY. [102] Lend Lease aid from the United States and a high degree of industrial mobilisation provided the equipment and materiel. [28][29] Many of the tanks needed overhaul or modification and this task was beyond the resources of the 21st Army Group's REME units, so excess tanks were shipped to the UK. A request from the 21st army Group for additional resources to support the redeployed formations was rejected by the War Office; any additional support units required had to either be drawn from the Mediterranean or supplied by the 21st Army Group. [82][84], It was recognised in the planning of Operation Plunder that the maintenance of the floating bridges over the Rhine would require more engineers than could be spared from the campaign ahead. [12] The two central garrisons - Gtersloh and Paderborn - combined to form a single 'super garrison' called Westfalen Garrison in April 2014. Following the 2010 Strategic Defence and Security Review, the permanent deployment in Germany ended in 2020. Another petrol depot arrived from Italy in April. [71] The supplies dropped represented a day's supply of food, fuel and petrol for the two divisions. Chinese surveillance cameras are being used at British Army bases despite Ministers banning them from Government buildings over fears they pose a major security risk. This reduced the pressure on the road network, and also permitted stone for road works to be supplied by rail. [2] With the end of the Cold War, and the Options for Change defence review in the early 1990s, BFG as a whole was considerably reduced, with the British presence centred on the 1st Armoured Division, and supporting elements. While most of its units were British or Canadian, there were also contingents from Belgium, the Netherlands, Czechoslovakia and Poland,[1] and the RAF Second Tactical Air Force operating in support also had Australian, French, New Zealand and Norwegian squadrons. Successive London governments, though often faced with bitter public and military opposition, tasked the British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) to serve as a protecting force while strengthening West German integration into the Western defense structure. That day trains also began arriving at No. ST. Army Gymnastic Staff AH Army Health . This airborne operation was the largest of its kind during the entire war, utilizing 1,625 transports, 1,348 gliders, and 889 escort fighters to deliver over 22,000 airborne infantry into the contested territory. Happily, we were posted to the British Army of the Rhine, in my case, to 282 (Welsh) Field Company, RE, in the 63rd (Welsh) Division. [88][92][96], Meanwhile, the First Canadian Army established two lines of communications. The Kangaroo armoured personnel carriers and the Buffalo tracked amphibious vehicles of the 79th Armoured Division were overhauled between January and March. This was after British forces personnel were scaled down over several years, with 19,100 in April 2010, and 2,850 in April 2019. The XXX Corps FMC series started at 151 while the II Canadian Corps one started at 201, and the stark difference in maintenance practices between the two corps was illustrated by the fact that XXX Corps had opened three times as many FMCs in the campaign up to this point. Captured German dumps held sufficient quantities of food for them, but they were not always easily accessible or distributable, so some had to be fed from 21st Army Group stocks, on a temporary ration scale of 1,100 calories (4,600J) per man per day. British Army of the Rhine (BAOR) - GlobalSecurity.org The position gained along the Roer was then taken over by the US Ninth Army. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). [44] Road maintenance was made especially difficult by the winter weather. The purpose of this site is to give people, still serving or not, the opportunity to look back at the places in Germany where they may have served over the years and also a view of the regiments and units which shaped them. The 21st Army Group allocated additional road transport capacity to the armies by shifting vehicles from the rear areas and immobilising units that were not immediately needed. Three bridges were constructed there, but by the time they opened II Canadian Corps already had its three Canadian divisions across the Rhine. Five days before the operation began, the Navy asked for 40 more, which were provided. [12] Civilian labour was utilised at the bases in a variety of tasks to enable military personnel to be released for service in forward areas. BRITISH ALLIES ARMY RAF. [87], Stocking of No. Both were originally occupation forces in Germany, one after the First World War and the other after the Second World War. [81] The XII Corps plan called for the construction of a class 9 Folding Boat Equipment (FBE) bridge, a class 12 Bailey pontoon bridge and two class 40 Bailey pontoon bridges. There have been two formations named British Army of the Rhine (BAOR). Chinese spy cameras are being trained on British Army bases The British 6th Airborne Division was withdrawn to the UK and re-equipped there, but its seaborne tail had to be re-equipped by the 21st Army Group. The British Army of the Rhine: Turning Nazi Enemies into Cold War
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