WebCivil War Campsites in Maryland C&O Canal Campgrounds. [71], The state capital Annapolis's western suburb of Parole became a camp where prisoners-of-war would await formal exchange in the early years of the war. Baltimore boasted a monument to Robert E. Lee and Stonewall Jackson[81] until they were taken down on August 16, 2017. After the war, numerous Union soldiers noted the poor, hastily prepared shelters in the camp, the lack of food, and the high death rate. 62-65. Anxious about the risk of secessionists capturing Washington, D.C., given that the capital was bordered by Virginia, and preparing for war with the South, the federal government requested armed volunteers to suppress "unlawful combinations" in the South. Obviously many natives of Maryland were doubtless in 1861 citizens of other States, and could not therefore be reckoned among the soldiers furnished by Maryland to the Confederate armies. The song's lyrics urged Marylanders to "spurn the Northern scum" and "burst the tyrant's chain" in other words, to secede from the Union. Camp Washington (4) - A Union U.S. Civil War Camp in Kentucky (1861). Col. Hoffman forced Confederate prisoners to sleep outside in the open while furnishing them with little to no shelter. [citation needed], The first bloodshed of the Civil War occurred in Maryland. My father was the neighborhood air raid warden. In 1861, while the population was quite low, the death rate hovered around 2%. My troops are on Federal Hill, which I can hold with the aid of my artillery. Request one of the following Speakers Bureau topics through our, We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War. Jim Johnston unravels the historical mystery. As a result, the Rebels spent their winters shivering in biting cold and their summers in sweltering, pathogen-laden heat. Stuart. [84] Easton, Maryland also has a Confederate monument. Maryland Forts: page 3 - North American Forts The battle of Antietam, though tactically a draw, was strategically enough of a Union victory to give Lincoln the opportunity to issue, in September 1862, the Emancipation Proclamation. Learn about the Underground Railroad Movement by seeing short dramatic portraits of those involved (and some opposed), both anonymous and known. [57] After hours of desperate fighting the Southerners emerged victorious, despite an inferiority both of numbers and equipment. Author Robert Plumb reads from McClellands letters and narrative excerpts from his book, Your Brother in Arms, which offer a front-line soldiers view of some of the most crucial battles fought during the Civil War from Gettysburg to Petersburg. In a letter explaining his actions, Booth wrote: I have ever held the South was right. The Odyssey of a Civil War Soldier Speaker: Robert Plumb. [18], Responding to pressure, on April 22 Governor Hicks finally announced that the state legislature would meet in a special session in Frederick, a strongly pro-Union town, rather than the state capital of Annapolis. The city was in panic. However, a number of leading citizens, including physician and slaveholder Richard Sprigg Steuart, placed considerable pressure on Governor Hicks to summon the state Legislature to vote on secession, following Hicks to Annapolis with a number of fellow citizens: to insist on his [Hicks] issuing his proclamation for the Legislature to convene, believing that this body (and not himself and his party) should decide the fate of our stateif the Governor and his party continued to refuse this demand that it would be necessary to depose him. The hospital staff is known to have assisted with the escape of several Maryland slaves while United States Colored Troops served as guards at the prison camp. Salisbury University, 1991). Next, was an encounter between some of Stuarts soldiers and the students of a female academy in Rockville, thus delaying the army again. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. POW Camps in Maryland The battle was part of Early's raid through the Shenandoah Valley and into Maryland, attempting to divert Union forces away from Gen. Robert E. Lee's army under siege at Petersburg, Virginia. The battle of Antietam stopped the Confederate Army's first march to the north and produced Prisoners relied upon their own ingenuity for constructing drafty and largely inadequate shelters consisting of sticks, blankets, and logs. [70] The harshness of conditions at Point Lookout, and in particular whether such conditions formed part of a deliberate policy of "vindictive directives" from Washington, is a matter of some debate. On September 14, 1862, Union forces led by Maj. Gen. George B. McClellan met Gen. Robert E. Lee s divided army at the Battle of South Mountain. [14] In a letter to President Lincoln, Mayor Brown wrote: It is my solemn duty to inform you that it is not possible for more soldiers to pass through Baltimore unless they fight their way at every step. [45] Its initial term of duty was for twelve months.[48]. Join Our Email List
Songs and Stories from the Blue and the Gray Speaker: Patrick Lacefield. While some historians contend that the deaths were chiefly the result of deliberate action/inaction on the part of Captain Wirz, others posit that they were the result of disease promoted by severe overcrowding. However, across the state, sympathies were mixed. WebOver the nine years (1933 - 1942) the Civilian Conservation Corps (CCC) operated in Maryland , there was an average of twenty-one CCC Camps in the state and any given time, with 15 of these camps sponsored by the State Board of Forestry and located in State Forests and State Parks. Of the 11,764 Confederates who entered Alton Federal Prison, no fewer than 1,500 perished as result of various diseases and aliments. Lincoln ignored the ruling of Chief Justice Roger B. Taney in "Ex parte Merryman" decision in 1861 concerning freeing John Merryman, a prominent Southern sympathizer arrested by the military. [25] After the occupation of the city, Union troops were garrisoned throughout the state. camps [Howard County, MD in the Civil War] - hococivilwar.org [29] Civil authority in Baltimore was swiftly withdrawn from all those who had not been steadfastly in favor of the Federal Government's emergency measures.[30]. Abolition of slavery in Maryland came before the end of the war, with a new third constitution voted approval in 1864 by a small majority of Radical Republican Unionists then controlling the nominally Democratic state. Edgewood Arsenal | Camp Franklin | Frenchtown Battery | Gallows Hill Camp The Garrison Fort | Camp Glen Burnie | Camp Halleck | Camp Hoffman (2) Fort Hollingsworth | Fort Horn | Fort Hoyle | Camp Kelsey | Fort Kent | Kent Island Camp Camp Kirby | Kuskarawaok | Camp Laurel | Fort Lincoln | Fort Madison | Mattapany Fort WebThe American Civil War in Maryland's State Parks South Mountain Battlefield. The first fatalities of the war happened during the Baltimore Civil War Riots of Thursday/Friday, April 1819, 1861. By the time the last prisoners were sent home in September of 1865, close to 3,000 men had perished. Webcivil war sword union soldier 15,480 Civil War Camp Premium High Res Photos Browse 15,480 civil war camp stock photos and images available, or search for civil war sword or union soldier to find more great stock photos and pictures. All Rights Reserved. Alton Federal Prison, originally a civilian criminal prison, also exhibited the same sort of horrifying conditions brought on by overcrowding. They were filthy in the extreme, covered in verminnearly all were extremely emaciated; so much so that they had to be cared for even like infants.". The Aftermath of Battle; All the Fighting They WebDuring the Civil War Era, Point Lookout was first a hospital for wounded Union soldiers and then a Civil War prison camp for captured Confederate soldiers. "Southern sympathies: The Civil War on Maryland's eastern shore" (Thesis. Because the state bordered the District of Columbia and the opposing factions within the state strongly desired to sway public opinion towards their respective causes, Maryland played an important role in the war. Federal Identification Number (EIN): 54-1426643. The shortage of food in the Confederate States, and the refusal of Union authorities to reinstate the prisoner exchange, are also cited as contributing factors. [62] However, McClellan waited about 18 hours before deciding to take advantage of this intelligence and position his forces based on it, thus endangering a golden opportunity to defeat Lee decisively. Fearing that Union forces could cause a jailbreak at Andersonville, a new Union POW camp was established in Florence, South Carolina. The Constitution of 1867 overturned the registry test oath embedded in the 1864 constitution. Despite some popular support for the cause of the Confederate States of America, Maryland did not secede during the Civil War. Yes No An official form of the United States government. Randolph McKim, Numerical Strength of the Confederate Army, New York, 1912. Despite the controversy, there can be little doubt that Andersonville was the Civil War's most infamous and deadly prison camp. Not all those who sympathised with the rebels would abandon their homes and join the Confederacy. The site was occupied in the middle to late nineteenth century near the present day Maryland Department of Natural Resources Management Area at Benedict. Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Camp Hoffman (1 See Introduction, p. xxxiv. We Were There, Too: Nurses in the Civil War Reenactor: Candace Ridington. Coming Soon!! This is a common thread among camps over the course of the Civil War. Plumbs newest book,The Better Angels, will be published by Potomac Books, an imprint of University of Nebraska Press, in March of 2020. [45], The 1st Maryland Infantry Regiment was officially formed on June 16, 1861, and, on June 25, two additional companies joined the regiment in Winchester. During the American Civil War (18611865), [citation needed]. [52], Overall, the Official Records of the War Department credits Maryland with 33,995 white enlistments in volunteer regiments of the United States Army and 8,718 African American enlistments in the United States Colored Troops. Because Maryland's sympathies were divided, many Marylanders would fight one another during the conflict. WebPoolesville Civil War Camps (1861 - 1865), at or near Poolesville Union garrison posts Stuarts men came through Rockville and captured her husband. Robert H. Kellog was 20 years old when he walked through the gates of Andersonville prison. The Chesapeake and Ohio Canal (nps.gov) parallels the Potomac River from Washington, D.C., to Antietam. In this case U.S. Supreme Court Chief Justice, and native Marylander, Roger B. Taney, acting as a federal circuit court judge, ruled that the arrest of Merryman was unconstitutional without Congressional authorization, which Lincoln could not then secure: The President, under the Constitution and laws of the United States, cannot suspend the privilege of the writ of habeas corpus, nor authorize any military officer to do so. As one Massachusetts regiment was transferred between stations on April 19, a mob of Marylanders sympathizing with the South, or objecting to the use of federal troops against the seceding states, attacked the train cars and blocked the route; some began throwing cobblestones and bricks at the troops, assaulting them with "shouts and stones". Two said Booth yelled "I have done it!" [16] President Lincoln also complied with the request to reroute troops to Annapolis, as the political situation in Baltimore remained highly volatile. [86] Democrats therefore re-branded themselves the "Democratic Conservative Party", and Republicans called themselves the "Union" party, in an attempt to distance themselves from their most radical elements during the war. Indeed, on the whole there appear to have been twice as many black Marylanders serving in the U.S.C.T. Camp Washington (2) - A U.S. Army Camp in Maryland (1880s). MARYLAND ESTATE CIVIL WAR REGIMENTAL FLAGPOLE EAGLE FINIAL, BOOK DOCUMENTED TYPE. [9], After John Brown's raid on Harpers Ferry in 1859, many citizens began forming local militias, determined to prevent a future slave uprising. The poet Walt Whitman was driven to comment on the shocking living arrangements at Belle Isle after encountering surviving prisoners, appalled at "the measureless torments of thehelpless young men, with all their humiliations, hunger, cold, filth, despair, hope utterly given out, and the more and more frequent mental imbecility.". Sons of Union Veterans of the Civil War, Antietam Camp #3. However, Wallace delayed Early for nearly a full day, buying enough time for Ulysses S. Grant to send reinforcements from the Army of the Potomac to the Washington defenses. Of the Trimble count, McKim states The estimate above alluded to, of 20,000 Marylanders in the Confederate service, rests apparently upon no better basis than an oral statement of General Cooper to General Trimble, in which he said he believed that the muster rolls would show that about 20,000 men in the Confederate army had given the State of Maryland as the place of their nativity. MCHS is supported by the Arts & Humanities Council of Montgomery County, the Maryland Historical Trust, Montgomery County Government and the City of Rockville. WebCivil War Black Wilderness Trapper Stereoview Hunting Musket Powder Horn Rare + $10.75 shipping. Civil War Confederate Prisoners of War Early defeated Union forces under Maj. Gen. Lew Wallace.The battle was part of Early's raid through the WebBetween 1861 and 1865, American Civil War prison camps were operated by the Union [82] A home for retired Confederate soldiers in Pikesville, Maryland opened in 1888 and did not close until 1932. During the American Civil War (18611865), Maryland, a slave state, was one of the border states, straddling the South and North. His neighbors are so bitter against him that he dare not go home, and he committed himself so decidedly on the 19th April and is known to be so decided a Southerner, that it more than likely he would be thrown into a Fort. Civil War Harpers Ferry and the Civil War Chronology This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book Send for the Doctor, is available as a first person portrayal of Dr. Stonestreet or as a PowerPoint slide show. as the first southern city occupied by the Union Army. I don't want to issue a document the whole world will see must be inoperative, like the Pope's Bull against a comet. Plumb will cover highlights of the womens contributions, their legacies, and their defining qualities such as courage, self-assurance, and persistence that led to their successes. The order came again from Lincoln's Secretary of State Seward. There formerly was a Confederate monument behind the courthouse in Rockville, Maryland, dedicated to "the thin grey line". A similar disregard for human life developed at Camp Douglas, also known as the Andersonville of the North." Send Students on School Field Trips to Battlefields Your Gift Tripled! During the early summer of 1861, several thousand Marylanders crossed the Potomac to join the Confederate Army. He also served two terms as Acting Assistant Surgeon with the Union Army. Civil War Sites to Visit - Visit Maryland | VisitMaryland.org Maryland WebThe first Union Army "parole camp" for exchanged Northern prisoners of war, was A brochure published by the home in the 1890s described it as: a haven of rest to which they may retire and find refuge, and, at the same time, lose none of their self-respect, nor suffer in the estimation of those whose experience in life is more fortunate.[83]. I therefore hope and trust and most earnestly request that no more troops be permitted or ordered by the Government to pass through the city. [41][42] May was eventually released and returned to his seat in Congress in December 1861, and in March 1862 he introduced a bill to Congress requiring the federal government to either indict by grand jury or release all other "political prisoners" still held without habeas. In the presidential election of 1860 Lincoln won just 2,294 votes out of a total of 92,421, only 2.5% of the votes cast, coming in at a distant fourth place with Southern Democrat (and later Confederate general) John C. Breckinridge winning the state. Due to its proximity to the Eastern Theater, the camp quickly became dramatically overcrowded. Show your pride in battlefield preservation by shopping in our store. WebColonial Wars Pequot War French & Iroquois Wars King Philip's War Pueblo Rebellion King William's War Queen Anne's War Tuscarora War Dummer's War King George's War French & Indian War Pontiac's Rebellion Lord Dunmore's War American Wars Revolutionary War Tripolitan War Tecumseh's War War of 1812 Creek Indian War The First Seminole War Based on a letter that Dora, an ardent abolitionist, wrote to her mother describing her trials as rebel general J.E.B. WebWe meet bi-monthly in Frederick, Maryland and have members who live in Maryland, Pennsylvania, Virginia, & West Virginia. J.E.B. WebThe Heart of the Civil War Heritage Area is ideally positioned to serve as your "base camp" for driving the popular Civil War Trails and visiting the battlefields and sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore and Washington, D.C. [58], Among the prisoners captured by William Goldsborough was his own brother Charles Goldsborough. Confederate forces under Lt. Gen. Jubal A. How many were citizens of Maryland when they enlisted does not appear. Hardened veterans, scarcely strangers to the sting of battle, nevertheless found themselves ill-prepared for the horror and despondency awaiting them inside Civil War prison camps. WebThe Southern Maryland Civil War Round Table is pleased to announce that its next Civil War - Maryland Department of Natural Resources Civil War medicine is discussed in relation to medical education of that era and in relation to 19th century medicine before and after the War. Archaeological work is continuing on the only blockhouse now located on county park land at Blockhouse Point. Colonel Mobley: 7th Maryland Volunteer Infantry in the Civil War By Justin T. Mayhew 168 pages Self-published Softcover (available through the author: 301-331-2449) Fresh Insights into Civil War Prison Camps. After the April 19 rioting, skirmishes continued in Baltimore for the next month. One notable Maryland front line regiment was the 2nd Maryland Infantry, which saw considerable combat action in the Union IX Corps. He was in charge of a temporary Army General Hospital in Rockville, treating the wounded after the Battle of Antietam (1862), and also treated the ill soldiers of the 6th Michigan Cavalry Regiment in Rockville (1863) prior to its heroic efforts during the Battle of Gettysburg. 127 Maryland, Frederick County, Frederick The Lost Order Shrouded in a Cloak of Mystery Antietam Campaign 1862 After crossing the Potomac River early in September 1862, Confederate Gen. Robert E. Lee reorganized the Army of Northern Virginia into three separate wings. Some soldiers fared better in terms of shelter, clothing, rations, and overall treatment by their captors. By late summer Maryland was firmly in the hands of Union soldiers. Stuarts actions proved a catastrophe for the Confederacy because he should have been with Robert E. Lees army in Pennsylvania. WebCamp Washington (1) - A Mexican War Camp in New Jersey (1839, 1846-1848). In March 1862, the Maryland Assembly passed a series of resolutions, stating that: This war is prosecuted by the Nation with but one object, that, namely, of a restoration of the Union just as it was when the rebellion broke out. This presentation, based on the speakers 2009 book, 2023 Montgomery County History Conference, African American History in Montgomery County, Stonestreet Museum of 19th Century Medicine. See, e.g., C. R. Gibbs' Black, Copper, and Bright, Silver Spring, Maryland, 2002. This PowerPoint presentation covers both the Civil War history of the camps at Muddy Branch and the history and archaeology of its outpost blockhouse and camp located within, Dr. Edward Stonestreet of Rockville served as Montgomery County Examining Surgeon in 1862, performing physical examinations on local Union Army recruits and draftees. Named Camp Hoffman probably after William A. Hoffman, commissioner-general of prisoners. Divided Nation, Divided Town: One Womans Experience Speaker: Emily Correll. Murphy v. Porter. Howard described these events in his 1863 book Fourteen Months in American Bastiles, where he noted that he was imprisoned in Fort McHenry, the same fort where the Star Spangled Banner had been waving "o'er the land of the free" in his grandfather's song. that "the 23rd was made up of men mostly from Washington and Baltimore" though the regiment was credited to the state of Virginia. [1] In the leadup to the American Civil War, it became clear that the state was bitterly divided in its sympathies. Visit the battlefields & sites of Antietam, Gettysburg, Monocacy, South Mountain, Harpers Ferry, Baltimore & Washington, DC. [59], On 6 September 1862 advancing Confederate soldiers entered Frederick, Maryland, the home of Colonel Bradley T. Johnson, who issued a proclamation calling upon his fellow Marylanders to join his colors. In more recent times, markers have been erected at the supposed site on the C&O Canal at Violettes and Rileys locks. But few escaped to tell the tale.[65]. Candace Ridington portrays a nurse reminiscing about her time of service in Washington, D.C., during the Civil War when the nursing profession struggled to create itself. One prisoner commenting on the daily death toll and foul conditions proclaimed, (I) walk around camp every morning looking for acquaintances, the sick, &c. (I) can see a dozen most any morning laying around dead. Belle Isle operated from 1862 to 1865. The federal troops executing Judge Carmichael's arrest beat him unconscious in his courthouse while his court was in session, before dragging him out, initiating a public controversy.